Need to know
- We tested 20 popular sunscreens on the market. 16 of them failed to meet their SPF claims
- We're calling on the TGA and the ACCC to investigate sunscreen brands across Australia, to make sure sunscreen safety matches people's expectations
- Despite these results, sunscreen is still essential. Even lower SPF protection is vastly better than no protection
If you live in Australia, you'll most likely have had a long and fruitful relationship with sunscreen.
Beaches, swimming pools, long Saturdays spent on the cricket field – if you spend time partaking in these very Australian activities, sunscreen is important, vital even – it's baked into our national consciousness.
And for good reason. According to statistics, two out of three Australians will be diagnosed with some form of skin cancer during their lifetime. That's a staggering number.
Our first form of defence is sunscreen and that's why we decided to test them.
CHOICE has tested 20 popular sunscreens, from a range of widely available and commonly purchased brands at different price points, to see whether the sun protection factor (SPF) claims made on each product are valid.
Now the results are in: 16 of the 20 sunscreens we tested failed to match their stated claims.
How we tested sunscreens
While CHOICE does a lot of product testing in-house, we sent these sunscreens to an external laboratory that has specialist expertise and equipment for SPF testing, and is approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA).
SPF testing sets out to determine if manufacturers are meeting their SPF claims, using the Australian/New Zealand Sunscreen Standard (AS/NZS 2604:2021), which refers to the International Standards (ISO 24444 and 24443).
To determine which sunscreens meet their SPF claims, the tests took a panel of ten adult volunteers through a very specific process using each of the 20 sunscreens.
The first step is to investigate how much UV exposure causes redness to appear on a person's unprotected skin.
Once that's been established, we apply a specific amount of sunscreen to a specific area of skin.
Next, we take a calibrated 'solar simulator' – specifically designed to imitate the spectrum of sunlight – and apply incremental doses of light to both protected and unprotected areas of the volunteers' skin.
Results on both areas are recorded and compared. A control sunscreen with a known SPF is also applied to help validate the results.
CHOICE experts then used these results to create a score, relative to how close the sunscreen comes to hitting its SPF claims.
For a more detailed look at our testing methods, read How we test sunscreens.
How SPF works
The goal of our testing was simple: check that sunscreens are matching their SPF claims. So let's take a second to briefly explain what SPF is and what we're testing.
No sunscreen is ever 100% effective at blocking all UV radiation; it's important to state that from the outset. Sunscreen is not a shield. Even sunscreen that effectively protects at SPF 50 allows 2% of UV rays to penetrate your skin.
SPF is a measure of how effective sunscreen is at protecting your skin from UVB rays. If it takes five minutes of sun exposure for your skin to start burning, applying an SPF 50 sunscreen protects you for 50 times that amount of time – in this case 250 minutes. Sunscreen with an SPF of 30 would protect you – ideally – for 180 minutes.
We believe Australians should be able to expect that SPF 50-rated sunscreen will provide that level of protection
In percentage figures that means the difference between, say, an SPF 50 sunscreen and an SPF 30 sunscreen is less impactful than you might assume. An SPF of 50 protects you from all but 1/50th of UV rays (98%), while sunscreen with an SPF of 30 protects you from all but 1/30th of UV rays (96.7%).
Regardless, we believe Australians should be able to expect that SPF 50-rated sunscreen will provide that level of protection. Unfortunately, in the batch we tested, this was not the case.
Results of CHOICE sunscreen testing
Of the 20 sunscreens we tested, only four managed to match their SPF claims. Sixteen of the 20 sunscreens we tested failed.
Those failures ranged from a claimed SPF 50+ that actually tested at an SPF of just four, all the way through to results in the 20s, 30s and 40s.
Sunscreens that passed the SPF test
- Cancer Council Kids Sunscreen SPF 50+ passed with a reported SPF of 52
- La Roche-Posay Anthelios Wet Skin Sunscreen 50+ passed with a reported SPF of 72
- Mecca Cosmetica To Save Body SPF 50+ Hydrating Sunscreen passed with a reported SPF of 51
- Neutrogena Ultra Sheer Body Lotion SPF 50 passed with a reported SPF of 56
Sunscreens that failed the SPF test
The most significant failure of the 20 products we tested was Ultra Violette Lean Screen SPF 50+ Mattifying Zinc Skinscreen, which returned an SPF of 4.
Despite doing rigorous testing of this sunscreen the first time, we were so perturbed by the results that we decided to delay publishing and test a different batch of the Ultra Violette sunscreen at a completely different lab in Germany to confirm the results.
Those results came back with a reported SPF of 5, almost identical to our initial test.
In addition to this failure, plenty of sunscreens with an advertised SPF of 50 or 50+ returned lower SPF results.
SPF results in the 20s
- Aldi Ombra 50+ – tested at 26
- Banana Boat Baby Zinc Sunscreen Lotion SPF 50+ – tested at 28
- Bondi Sands SPF 50+ Zinc Mineral Body Lotion – tested at 26
- Cancer Council Everyday Value Sunscreen 50 – tested at 27
- Cancer Council Ultra Sunscreen 50+ – tested at 24
- Neutrogena Sheer Zinc Dry-Touch Lotion SPF 50 – tested at 24
- Woolworths Sunscreen Everyday Tube SPF 50+ – tested at 27
SPF results in the 30s
- Banana Boat Sport Sunscreen Lotion SPF 50+ – tested at 35
- Bondi Sands SPF 50+ Fragrance Free Sunscreen – tested at 32
- Cancer Council Kids Clear Zinc 50+ – tested at 33
- Invisible Zinc Face + Body Mineral Sunscreen SPF 50 – tested at 38
SPF results in the 40s
- Coles SPF 50+ Sunscreen Ultra Tube – tested at 43
- Nivea Sun Kids Ultra Protect and Play Sunscreen Lotion SPF 50+ – tested at 41
- Nivea Sun Protect and Moisture Lock SPF 50+ Sunscreen – tested at 40
- Sun Bum Premium Moisturising Sunscreen Lotion 50+ – tested at 40
Manufacturers stand by their claims
After testing, we contacted the manufacturers of the sunscreens we tested with our results.
Some manufacturers disputed our findings, producing test certificates showing that their product met the claimed SPF using the same test method, which is outlined in the Australian standard.
We also used an accredited lab for our testing and stand by our results.
Some manufacturers disputed our findings, producing test certificates showing that their product met the claimed SPF using the same test method
Ultra Violette suggested that "human error" or a "mix-up of samples" was a "highly probable scenario". The manufacturer also said that, given the levels of zinc oxide in its Lean Screen sunscreen, an SPF of 4 was scientifically impossible.
After receiving this response, CHOICE sent a new sample of Ultra Violette Lean Screen to a different lab for retesting, which returned an SPF of 5.
"We are deeply committed to the health and safety of our customers, rigorously retesting our entire SPF range every two years," says Ultra Violette, in a statement sent to CHOICE.
"Lean Screen has been on the market for five years in 29 countries and we have not received a single substantiated claim of sunburn during use – reinforcing our confidence in the testing we have. If the CHOICE results were at all feasible, we would have had hundreds of cases of reported sunburn and skin damage while using this product in real life situations."
You can read Ultra Violette's full response, and the responses from the other sunscreen manufacturers, at the end of this article.
We tested 20 sunscreens in a specialised lab to see if they met their SPF claims. Only four did.
Cheap vs expensive sunscreens
Our sunscreen testing, much like other testing organised by CHOICE, shows little correlation between price and effectiveness.
On the whole, however, three of the four sunscreens that passed our testing were on the expensive side.
- La Roche-Posay Anthelios Wet Skin Sunscreen 50+ passed at $8.04 per dose
- Mecca Cosmetica To Save Body SPF 50+ Hydrating Sunscreen passed at $7.35 per dose
- Neutrogena Ultra Sheer Body Lotion SPF 50 passed at $8.24 per dose
The fourth sunscreen that passed our test was the Cancer Council Kids Sunscreen SPF 50+ , which is cheaper than those above, at $4.93 per dose.
Why you should keep using sunscreen
What does this mean for your sunscreen use? First and foremost this testing does not mean sunscreen doesn't work.
It does not mean that wearing sunscreen is a waste of time, regardless of how the brands tested.
While some specific sunscreens did not meet their claimed SPF, any sunscreen is better than none.
Please continue to wear sunscreen. Sunscreen saves lives. A sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or even 20 still offers a significant amount of sun protection. Australians should make a daily habit of wearing sunscreen and reapplying regularly, particularly if you're swimming.
While some specific sunscreens did not meet their claimed SPF, any sunscreen is better than none
But, once again, sunscreen isn't a shield. Even SPF 50+ sunscreens let UV rays through, so we'd like to use this opportunity to recommend all the usual advice: wear a hat, stay in the shade, wear sunglasses. Don't stay in the direct sunlight for sustained amounts of time, apply and reapply sunscreen, and get regular skin check-ups.
All of this will help you avoid skin damage and help prevent skin cancer.
If you are using one of these sunscreens in our testing, you should continue to do so. Don't throw out what you have, just be sure to apply it regularly and extensively.
CHOICE results reported to TGA and ACCC
In Australia, sunscreens are considered to be therapeutic goods and are regulated by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) to ensure their safety, quality and efficacy. The majority are listed medicines with an 'AUST L' identification number.
All sunscreens must adhere to the AS/NZS 2604:2021 standard and have to be approved by the TGA.
However, rather than conduct compliance testing on sunscreens themselves, the TGA relies purely on reports supplied by manufacturers, delivered from accredited laboratories.
CHOICE has informed both the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) and the ACCC of the results of our testing. Due to the inconsistencies we have found between the SPF claims of a sample of Australian sunscreens and their actual SPFs, CHOICE is calling on the TGA to conduct their own compliance testing, using current standards, rather than relying purely on reports from manufacturers.
We believe the TGA should invest in its own compliance testing instead of simply relying on reports provided by manufacturers, and the ACCC should investigate if consumers are being misled
We believe the TGA should invest in its own compliance testing instead of simply relying on reports provided by manufacturers, and the ACCC should investigate if consumers are being misled.
Sunscreen is always better than no sunscreen, but if consumers are being misled about the quality and longevity of their sunscreen protection, that represents a genuine health concern and a huge breach of consumer trust.
"Sunscreens are a vital tool in the fight against skin cancer and sun damage," says Rafi Alam, CHOICE senior campaigns and policy adviser.
"Millions of Australians rely on SPF ratings to understand the protection they're paying for, and expect these ratings to be as accurate as possible.
"We're calling on the TGA and ACCC to start an investigation into these sunscreen brands to ensure they are complying with the consumer laws and medical standards that keep us safe."
We're on your side
For more than 60 years, we've been making a difference for Australian consumers. In that time, we've never taken ads or sponsorship.
With no self-interest behind our advice, you don't just buy smarter, you get the answers that you need.
You know without hesitation what's safe for you and your family.
And you'll never be alone when something goes wrong or a business treats you unfairly.
Learn more about CHOICE.
Stock images: Getty, unless otherwise stated.